Understanding IP Ratings: A Simple Guide for Home & Outdoor Lighting

What is an IP rating?

If you've come across terms like IP44 or IP65 when browsing for light fittings and electronic devices you're not alone. These codes are known as Ingress Protection (IP) ratings and are used globally to describe how well a product can resist dust and water.

Developed under international standards, this rating system helps indicate how protected a product is from solid objects like dirt and small tools, as well as from moisture — whether it's a light splash or complete submersion. It removes the guesswork that comes with vague claims like "water-resistant" or "weatherproof."

How to read an IP rating

IP ratings are written as IP followed by two digits, for example, IP65.

  • First digit (0–6): Indicates the level of protection from solid particles like dust or tools.
  • Second digit (0–8): Represents the level of water resistance, from dripping water to full immersion.

IP rating levels explained

IP ratings for lights

Light fittings contain electrical components, so it's essential they’re properly sealed — especially for outdoor or bathroom use. The IP rating lets you know whether a light is safe to install in wet, dusty, or exposed environments.

Best IP ratings for outdoor lighting

Lighting installed outside the home is exposed to different elements depending on where it's placed. For example, a wall light under a verandah may only need basic splash protection like IP23, while a garden spike or exposed path light might require IP54 or higher to resist both dust and rain.

Materials and durability

Outdoor lighting is not only about the IP rating — material durability is also crucial. In coastal or exposed environments, light fittings face wind, rain, and salty air. While an IP65 or higher can protect against water, the materials used in construction determine how well the fitting withstands corrosion over time.

Metals such as brass, copper, and bronze (also known as red metals) naturally form a protective patina, giving them long-term durability and a unique finish.

Aluminium is also widely used. When anodised or powder-coated, it forms a protective barrier that resists corrosion and gives a smooth, clean finish.

IP ratings for bathrooms

Bathrooms are classified into different zones based on proximity to water. Choosing the correct IP rating is essential for safety and compliance.

Bathroom zones explained

  • Zone 0: Inside a bath or shower. Requires a minimum of IPX7 for protection against immersion.
  • Zone 1: Directly above the bath or shower. Minimum rating of IPX4.
  • Zone 2: 0.6m surrounding the bath or shower. Minimum rating of IPX4.

For the safest installation, always consult a qualified electrician who understands bathroom zoning and local regulations.

IP ratings for kitchens

While most indoor rooms like bedrooms or hallways don’t need IP-rated fittings, kitchens are a bit different. As a multifunctional space, it includes wet zones where splashes and steam are common.

For general areas above a bench or table, an IP20 light may be sufficient. However, lighting installed near sinks, stoves, or rangehoods should have a higher rating, such as IPX4 or above, to withstand steam and occasional splashes.

IP ratings provide a practical and reliable way to choose lighting that suits a wide variety of environments — both indoors and out. If you're unsure which IP rating is right for your space, speak to an electrician or explore our outdoor collection for inspiration.